
Resume Apres 25 annees de decroissance demographique intense, les centres-villes de Barcelone et de Madrid ont connu une remarquable croissance demographique au cours de la derniere decennie. Des tendances similaires mais moins intenses ont ete observees dans les plus grandes villes espagnoles. La croissance demographique a repris au centre de Valence, elle est soutenue dans celui de Seville, et la decroissance du centre-ville de Bilbao observee dans les deux dernieres decennies a cesse. Ainsi, les plus grandes metropoles d’Espagne illustrent le processus de re-urbanisation que les autres villes d’Europe septentrionale telles que Rome, Milan, Turin et Marseille connaissent actuellement et que les autre grandes villes de l’Europe du Centre et du Nord, ainsi que des Etats-Unis, ont connu durant les deux dernieres decennies du 20eme siecle. Dans le cas de l’Espagne, l’arrivee et l’installation d’une population etrangere dans les centres-villes ont joue un role majeur dans ce retour de croissance. Cependant, le gain net en population ne doit pas cacher un solde migratoire negatif que les centres-villes persistent a montrer avec les peripheries de ces metropoles. Il a ete neanmoins observe que les centres sont devenus plus attractif pour les residents des metropoles. Dans certains cas, une augmentation remarquable des taux d’emigration des municipalites de la metropole vers le centre-ville a ete observee. De meme, la proportion de residents qui quittent le centre pour d’autres parties de la metropole decroit chaque annee. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser ces mouvements de retour vers le centre-ville des plus grandes metropoles d’Espagne d’un point de vue essentiellement geo-demographique. L’exhaustivite historique et geographique du Registre des mouvements residentiels d’Espagne – une base de donnees qui inclu 100 % des mouvements residentiels ainsi que les caracteristiques des migrants pour tout le pays – permet l’identification des flux de mobilite residentielle entre le centre et la peripherie, de leur evolution temporelle, et de la structure demographique des migrants concernes. Summary After 25 years of intense population decrease, the inner cities of Barcelona and Madrid have experienced a remarkable increase in population during the last decade. Less intense trends in the same direction have also been observed in the largest Spanish cities. Population growth has restarted in Valencia’s inner city, Seville’s urban core continues to grow, and the population decrease experienced in the central city of Bilbao for the last two decades has ceased. Thus, Spain’s largest metropolitan areas reflect the re-urbanization processes that other southern European cities, such as Rome, Milan, Turin and Marseille, are currently undergoing and that many other cities in central and northern Europe and the United States underwent during the last two decades of the 20th century. In the Spanish case, the arrival and settlement of a foreign population in the urban centers has played a major role in this comeback. However, the total gains in population in these areas should not hide the negative migratory balance that central cities continue to exhibit in the residential relations within their metropolitan areas. Nevertheless, it has been observed that central areas have become more attractive to metropolitan residents. In certain cases, a remarkable increase in the out-migration rates from metropolitan municipalities to the central city has been observed. Similarly, the proportion of residents who leave the central areas for other metropolitan destinations is annually decreasing. This paper aims to analyze the back-to-the-city movements in the largest Spanish metropolitan areas primarily from a geo-demographic perspective. The excellent temporal and geographic coverage of the Spanish Register of Residential Movements – a 100% microdata dataset that includes each residential movement that has occurred in Spain and the migrant’s demographic characteristics – enables the identification of residential mobility flows between the centre and the periphery, of their historical evolution, and of the demographic structure of the concerned migrants.
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