Japewiella jingningensis is a species new to science from China. It is characterized by its thin, smooth, slightly rimose crustose thallus, a red-brown to olive-brown epihymenium, small ascospores 12–13.5 × 5.5–7 μm, and containing an unknown chemical metabolite (bluish fluorescence in UV after the acid/heat treatment). Species identification is based on morphology, anatomy, chemistry, and phylogenetic analyses, which reveals its definitive taxonomic position. Detailed taxonomic descriptions, ecological and chemical characters, and illustrations are provided for the new species. A key to the species of genus Japewiella is also provided.