Rohdea chloroxantha, a new species from south-western Shaanxi (Zhenba county), China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to R. pachynema in having slender subterranean stolons, but differs by the former having chartreuse flowers and thick fleshy perianth, the tube semi enclosed with fleshy appendages at orifice, lobe margin semi-transparent; appendage and stamens constituted a semi-closed small space, and wrap the pistil inside; filaments cylindrical and the base reniform in cross section.