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Machine Learning-based Trajectory Prediction for VRU Collision Avoidance in V2X Environments

Authors: Raúl Parada; Anton Aguilar; Jesus Alonso-Zarate; Francisco Vázquez-Gallego;

Machine Learning-based Trajectory Prediction for VRU Collision Avoidance in V2X Environments

Abstract

The fifth generation (5G) of communication networks aims to accelerate the adoption of incipient vertical industries which will leverage innovative smart applications and services such as Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility. One of the objectives globally within that area is reducing to zero the number of fatal vehicle accidents. Unfortunately, human errors are the main cause of them, where vulnerable road users (VRUs) are involved in half of the cases. A possible approach to reduce accidents is estimating the probability of collision between two vehicles based on their estimated trajectories. These trajectories are usually tracked on-board using sophisticated devices such as cameras and LiDAR. However, VRUs are generally not equipped with such equipment and, ideally, VRUs carry smartphones with active geolocation capabilities based on satellite-based positioning systems. In this paper, we propose a novel vehicular service based on a regression algorithm to predict trajectories by uniquely using Cartesian coordinates. We compare different types of regression techniques in terms of prediction time window, position accuracy and processing time using Weka. Results show that the Alternating Model Tree (AMT) technique can predict the next position with an error of less than 3.2 centimeters, increasing up to 1 meter when predicting the next 5 positions with a period of 1 second between consecutive positions. In this case, a prediction time window of 5 s is processed within 1.25 milliseconds. AMT resulted as the lowest complex and most accurate algorithm in a multiple-step prediction position. © 2021 IEEE.

Keywords

Trajectory prediction, Road users, Collision avoidance, Vehicle to Everything, Model trees, Collisions avoidance, Trajectories, 5G mobile communication systems, Vehicle to vehicle communications, Accidents, Machine learning, Communications networks, Prediction time, Vulnerable road user, ITS, Machine-learning, Time windows, Cooperative communication, Forecasting

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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