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IEEE Access
Article . 2026 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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ZENODO
Journal . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
DBLP
Article . 2026
Data sources: DBLP
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A Highly Efficient Low Power and Compact CCDD RFEH Rectifier Design With MOSFET-Modeled Capacitors and Bio-Inspired Metaheuristic Optimization for Wearable and IoT Applications

Authors: Bora, Rupam; Sarma, Manash Pratim; Dutta, Lachit; Barman, Pranjal; Azzopardi, Brian;

A Highly Efficient Low Power and Compact CCDD RFEH Rectifier Design With MOSFET-Modeled Capacitors and Bio-Inspired Metaheuristic Optimization for Wearable and IoT Applications

Abstract

Abstract: This paper presents a novel modified cross-coupled differential-drive (CCDD) rectifier designed for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) applications. The proposed design incorporates MOSFET-modeled capacitors to reduce area consumption while maintaining a high power conversion efficiency (PCE).Acomprehensive mathematical modelwas developed to analyze the behavior of the circuit, and the Walrus Optimization Algorithm (WaOA) was employed to optimize the transistor aspect ratios. The simulation results demonstrate that the modified rectifier achieves a maximum PCE of 93.24% at an input power of −17.5 dBm, significantly outperforming both the conventional and dual MOSFET-based configurations, particularly at low input power levels. Notably, the proposed design achieves a wide power dynamic range of 25 dB and occupies an ultra-compact area of 35.22μm2, making it suitable for ambient RFEH scenarios. This work represents a significant advancement in RFEH technology, offering a more efficient and compact solution for powering low-energy devices such as Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and wearable electronics.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold