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Surface analysis of cannabigerol cocrystals: linking crystal structure to enhanced properties

Authors: Zmeškalová, Eliška; Stara, František; Havlůjová, Tereza; Šoóš, Miroslav;

Surface analysis of cannabigerol cocrystals: linking crystal structure to enhanced properties

Abstract

Cannabigerol is a bioactive compound derived from Cannabis sativa. It displays many promising pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties. Its use and research are complicated by its thermally unstable solid form with low solubility and needle habit, preventing easy formulation into tablets or capsules. To overcome these problems, we conducted a crystallization screening with the aim to discover new crystal forms with enhanced properties. Though polymorph and solvate screenings did not yield new forms, the cocrystal screening was successful. Two cocrystals were discovered, one with piperazine and another with tetramethylpirazine, both in a 1:1 ratio. The latter can exist in three polymorphic forms. Both offer improvements in the melting point and crystal habit, and the cocrystal with tetramethylpirazine also shows a significant enhancement in dissolution rate. The new solid forms were analysed by a combination of methods, including X-ray powder diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and intrinsic dissolution rate. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were used to solve the crystal structures, which were then compared with that of pure CBG. The crystal morphologies and surfaces were comprehensively analysed using the CSD-Particle suite, with various properties correlated against dissolution rates. While surface attachment energy and roughness (rugosity) did not show significant effects, the concentration of unsatisfied hydrogen-bond donors displayed a positive correlation. There were two parameters with a very strong correlation to dissolution rate: the propensity for interactions with water molecules, determined by the maximum range in the full interaction maps on the surface calculated for the water probe, and also the difference in the positive and negative electrostatic charges. These parameters proved highly predictive of aqueous dissolution, offering immense utility in pharmaceutical development.

Country
Czech Republic
Keywords

particles, topology, Crystallography, dissolution, surfaces, Feature Articles, cannabigerol, crystal structures, cambridge structural database, crystal engineering, QD901-999, crystal design, Cambridge Structural Database, cocrystals, csd-particle, CSD-Particle, properties of solids

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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