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Confounding factors affecting faecal egg count reduction as a measure of anthelmintic efficacy

descriptionPublicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object 01 Jan 2022 Belgium, Argentina, Italy, United Kingdom Publisher:EDP SciencesJournal:Parasite, volume 29, page 20 (eissn: 1776-1042, Copyright policy )Funded by:UKRI | Integrating ecology and a...
Authors: Morgan, Eric R; Lanusse, Carlos; Rinaldi, Laura; Charlier, Johannes; Vercruysse, Jozef;

doi: 10.1051/parasite/2022017

pmid: 35389336

pmc: PMC8988865

handle: 11588/895066 , 11336/204169 , 1854/LU-01GT1VEPVT5TD6RHWGW6YB70N4

Confounding factors affecting faecal egg count reduction as a measure of anthelmintic efficacy

Abstract

Increasing anthelmintic resistance (AR) in livestock has stimulated growing efforts to monitor anthelmintic effectiveness (AE) on livestock farms. On-farm assessment of AE relies on measuring the reduction in faecal egg count (FEC) following treatment; and if conducted rigorously, qualifies as a formal FEC reduction test (FECRT) for AR. Substantial research effort has been devoted to designing robust protocols for the FECRT and its statistical interpretation; however, a wide range of factors other than AR can affect FEC reduction on farms. These are not always possible to control, and can affect the outcome and repeatability of AE measurements and confound the on-farm classification of AR using FECRT. This review considers confounders of FEC reduction, focusing on gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants, including host and parasite physiology and demography; pharmacokinetic variation between drugs, parasites and hosts; and technical performance. Drug formulation and delivery, host condition and diet, and seasonal variation in parasite species composition, can all affect AE and hence observed FEC reduction. Causes of variation in FEC reduction should be attenuated, but this is not always possible. Regular monitoring of AE can indicate a need to improve anthelmintic administration practices, and detect AR early in its progression. Careful interpretation of FEC reduction, however, taking into account possible confounders, is essential before attributing reduced FEC reduction to AR. Understanding of confounders of FEC reduction will complement advances in FECRT design and interpretation to provide measures of anthelmintic efficacy that are both rigorous and accessible.

Countries
Belgium, Argentina, Italy, United Kingdom
Related Organizations
Keywords

name=veterinary (miscalleneous), DRUG PHARMACOLOGY RELATED THERAPEUTIC FAILURES, PHARMACOKINETICS, ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE, Nematoda, Epidemiology, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2400/2405, drug pharmacology related therapeutic failures, Drug Resistance, Effectiveness, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Review Article, 630, Feces, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2725, Drug pharmacology related therapeutic failures, EPIDEMIOLOGY, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3400/3401; name=veterinary (miscalleneous), Anthelmintic resistance, Anthelmintics, TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-COLUBRIFORMIS, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1103, GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES, EXPERIMENTAL, 600, anthelmintic resistance, Biodiversity, name=Infectious Diseases, EFFECTIVENESS, PHARMACOKINETIC EVALUATION, TARGET WORMS, Parasite Egg Count - veterinary, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1109, epidemiology, pharmacokinetics, BEHAVIOR, Feces - parasitology, LICKING, Faecal egg count reduction test, BREED DIFFERENCES, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1103; name=Animal Science and Zoology, effectiveness, name=Animal Science and Zoology, faecal egg count reduction test, RESISTANT HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS, ALBENDAZOLE SULFOXIDE, FAECAL EGG COUNT REDUCTION TEST, name=Parasitology, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.3, Helminths, FASCIOLIASIS, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2725; name=Infectious Diseases, Animals, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4, Pharmacokinetics, Veterinary Sciences, Parasite Egg Count, Taxonomy, POUR-ON, helminths, name=Insect Science, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2400/2405; name=Parasitology, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3400/3401, Anthelmintics - pharmacology - therapeutic use, HELMINTHS, Anthelmintic resistance; Drug pharmacology related therapeutic failures; Effectiveness; Epidemiology; Faecal egg count reduction test; Helminths; Pharmacokinetics; Animals; Drug Resistance; Feces; Parasite Egg Count; Anthelmintics; Nematoda, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1109; name=Insect Science

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
38
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 1%
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gold
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