Agledulines A-K, eleven previously undescribed limonoids, including eight biogenic A/D-rings-seco limonoid analogs (agledulines A-H), one D-ring-seco limonoid (agleduline I) and two A-ring-seco limonoids with a rare Δ4,28 moiety (agledulines J-K), together with twelve reported limonoids, were isolated from the fruits of Aglaia edulis. Their structures were determined by NMR data, HRESIMS, X-ray diffraction, ECD spectra and the CD exciton chirality method. Observably, the absolute configurations of agleduline A, agleduline C and nymania 2 were unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The biological evaluation showed that agleduline C exhibited significant cytotoxic activities with IC50 values of 10.05 μM, and 11α-acetoxygedunin showed notable anti-inflammatory activity (IC50: 4.70 μM). In addition, agleduline I and 11α-acetoxygedunin reversed the multidrug resistance with IC50 values of 5.05 and 1.49 μM (RI: 4.64 and 15.77) in the MCF-7/Dox cells.