Twitter estimates of county-level mental health during COVID-19 Mental health metrics, namely psychological stress, lonely expressions, anxiety, and sentiment are measured daily using pre-trained machine learning models applied to a random 1% Twitter data. For more details, read our publication in the Journal of General Internal Medicine: http://wwbp.org/papers/jgim-2020.pdf Data snapshot: | group_id | feat | value | group_norm | day | cnty | |------------------ |----------- |------- |------------------ |------------ |------- | | 2020-04-16:01001 | lonely_score | 78 | 2.92268402613488 | 2020-04-16 | 01001 | | 2020-04-16:01003 | lonely_score | 830 | 2.82928758282208 | 2020-04-16 | 01003 | | 2020-04-16:01005 | lonely_score | 13 | 3.4083486715075 | 2020-04-16 | 01005 | | 2020-04-16:01017 | lonely_score | 93 | 2.67820445675611 | 2020-04-16 | 01017 | | 2020-04-16:01021 | lonely_score | 96 | 3.02387743147066 | 2020-04-16 | 01021 | `cnty`: FIPS code of county `day`: date `group_norm`: mental health estimate; a sum of term relative frequencies weighted by their association with this mental health outcome in the pre-trained model `value`: number of words contributing to the estimate `feat`: descriptor of metric `group_id`: concatenation of `day`:`cnty` This data (aggregated to the state-level) is also used to update the Penn COVID Twitter Map https://penncovid19hub.com/twitter-map ##Citation APA: ``` Guntuku, S. C., Sherman, G., Stokes, D. C., Agarwal, A. K., Seltzer, E., Merchant, R. M., & Ungar, L. H. (2020). Tracking Mental Health and Symptom Mentions on Twitter During COVID-19. Journal of general internal medicine, 1-3. ``` Bib: ``` @article{guntuku2020tracking, title={Tracking Mental Health and Symptom Mentions on Twitter During COVID-19}, author={Guntuku, Sharath Chandra and Sherman, Garrick and Stokes, Daniel C and Agarwal, Anish K and Seltzer, Emily and Merchant, Raina M and Ungar, Lyle H}, journal={Journal of general internal medicine}, pages={1--3}, year={2020}, publisher={Springer} } ``` Details of how these models were trained are described in the following papers: Stress: ``` Guntuku, S. C., Buffone, A., Jaidka, K., Eichstaedt, J. C., & Ungar, L. H. (2019, July). Understanding and measuring psychological stress using social media. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (Vol. 13, No. 01, pp. 214-225). ``` Loneliness: ``` Guntuku, S. C., Schneider, R., Pelullo, A., Young, J., Wong, V., Ungar, L., ... & Merchant, R. (2019). Studying expressions of loneliness in individuals using twitter: an observational study. BMJ open, 9(11). ``` Sentiment: ``` Mohammad, S. M., & Turney, P. D. (2013). Crowdsourcing a word–emotion association lexicon. Computational Intelligence, 29(3), 436-465. ``` For any queries, please reach out at `sharathg at cis dot upenn dot edu` or `garricks at sas dot upenn dot edu`.