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Chemische Berichte
Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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Conformational Effects of Regioisomeric Substitution on the Catalytic Activity of Copper/Calix[8]arene C−S Coupling

Authors: Armando Berlanga‐Vázquez; Radu A. Talmazan; Carlos A. Reyes‐Mata; Edmundo G. Percástegui; Marcos Flores‐Alamo; Maren Podewitz; Ivan Castillo;

Conformational Effects of Regioisomeric Substitution on the Catalytic Activity of Copper/Calix[8]arene C−S Coupling

Abstract

AbstractFunctionalization of the phenolic rim of p‐tert‐butylcalix[8]arene with phenanthroline to create a cavity leads to formation of two regioisomers. Substitution of positions 1 and 5 produces the known C2v‐symmetric regioisomer 1,5‐(2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroyl)‐p‐tert‐butylcalix[8]arene (L1,5), while substitution of positions 1 and 4 produces the Cs‐symmetric regioisomer 1,4‐(2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroyl)‐p‐tert‐butylcalix[8]arene (L1,4) described herein. [Cu(L1,4)I] was synthesized from L1,4 and CuI in good yield and characterized spectroscopically. To evaluate the effect of its cavity on catalysis, Ullmann‐type C−S coupling was chosen as proof‐of‐concept. Selected aryl halides were used, and the results compared with the previously reported Cu(I)/L1,5 system. Only highly activated aryl halides generate the C−S coupling product in moderate yields with the Cu(I)/L1,4 system. To shed light on these observations, detailed computational investigations were carried out, revealing the influence of the calix[8]arene macrocyclic morphology on the accessible conformations. The L1,4 regioisomer undergoes a deformation that does not occur with L1,5, resulting in an exposed catalytic center, presumably the cause of the low activity of the former system. The 1,4‐connectivity was confirmed in the solid‐state structure of the byproduct [Cu(L1,4−H)(CH3CN)2] that features Cu(I) coordinated inside a cleft defined by the macrocyclic framework.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
hybrid