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Advanced Science
Article . 2026 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Article . 2025
License: CC BY
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ETH Zürich Research Collection
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
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A Soft, Flexible Implant for Wireless Photothermal–Pyroelectric Neurostimulation

Authors: Jiang Wu; Minmin Mao; Beltzane Garcia Cirera; Hao Ye; Xiangzhong Chen; Josep Puigmartí‐Luis; Ni Qin; +1 Authors

A Soft, Flexible Implant for Wireless Photothermal–Pyroelectric Neurostimulation

Abstract

ABSTRACT Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are widely recognized as promising seed cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases due to their inherent potential to differentiate into functional neurons. However, due to the low differentiation efficiency, their practical application in neural repair remains a significant challenge. In this work, we present a novel, non‐invasive strategy to enhance the neuronal differentiation of NPCs through photothermal‐pyroelectric stimulation. Specifically, a hybrid film was fabricated by coating BaTiO 3 (BTO) nanocrystals – comprising either nanoparticles or nanosheets – onto the surface of a CNT@PDMS composite membrane. Under periodic light irradiation, the photothermal effect triggered rapid temperature oscillations, which activated BTO's pyroelectric effect, generating localized electric stimulation that promoted neuronal differentiation of NPCs. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis further confirmed that the observed enhancement in neural differentiation was mediated by the activation of Ca 2+ signaling and the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, comparative experiments revealed that BTO nanosheets with highly exposed (001) facets exhibited markedly enhanced neurogenic differentiation capabilities relative to BTO nanoparticles, highlighting the facet‐dependent pyroelectric effect. This work presents wireless photothermal‐pyroelectric stimulation for neural differentiation and, for the first time, proposes a pyroelectric regenerative medicine for the non‐invasive repair of damaged neural tissue.

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Keywords

BaTiO₃ nanosheets, cell differentiation, photothermal, pyroelectric, BaTiO3, Neural progenitor cell differentiation, Photothermal–pyroelectric stimulation, Wireless neurostimulation, Flexible bioelectronic implant

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Top 10%
Average
Average
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