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Twinned Growth of Metal‐Free, Triazine‐Based Photocatalyst Films as Mixed‐Dimensional (2D/3D) van der Waals Heterostructures

Authors: Schwarz, Dana; Noda, Yu; Klouda, Jan; Schwarzová-Pecková, Karolina; Tarábek, Ján; Rybáček, Jiří; Janoušek, Jiří; +14 Authors

Twinned Growth of Metal‐Free, Triazine‐Based Photocatalyst Films as Mixed‐Dimensional (2D/3D) van der Waals Heterostructures

Abstract

AbstractDesign and synthesis of ordered, metal‐free layered materials is intrinsically difficult due to the limitations of vapor deposition processes that are used in their making. Mixed‐dimensional (2D/3D) metal‐free van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on triazine (C3N3) linkers grow as large area, transparent yellow‐orange membranes on copper surfaces from solution. The membranes have an indirect band gap (Eg,opt = 1.91 eV, Eg,elec = 1.84 eV) and are moderately porous (124 m2 g−1). The material consists of a crystalline 2D phase that is fully sp2 hybridized and provides structural stability, and an amorphous, porous phase with mixed sp2–sp hybridization. Interestingly, this 2D/3D vdW heterostructure grows in a twinned mechanism from a one‐pot reaction mixture: unprecedented for metal‐free frameworks and a direct consequence of on‐catalyst synthesis. Thanks to the efficient type I heterojunction, electron transfer processes are fundamentally improved and hence, the material is capable of metal‐free, light‐induced hydrogen evolution from water without the need for a noble metal cocatalyst (34 µmol h−1 g−1 without Pt). The results highlight that twinned growth mechanisms are observed in the realm of “wet” chemistry, and that they can be used to fabricate otherwise challenging 2D/3D vdW heterostructures with composite properties.

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United Kingdom
Keywords

semiconducting polymers, conjugated microporous polymers, 540, 2D materials, heterostructure devices, membranes, triazine, donor–acceptor, covalent organic frameworks, photocatalysis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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57
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