InThe Journal, some time ago, there appeared an editorial comment 1 on the sanitary work incident to the construction of the Madeira-Mamore Railway, in the states of Amazonas and Matto Grosso, Brazil. I take it, therefore, that a brief description of this work would be deemed of interest to physicians. For this reason, and in order to give a side-light on my subsequent remarks, I venture to prefix my observations on peripheral neuritis in Brazil, with the following: THE MADEIRA-MAMORE RAILWAY The Madeira-Mamore Railway is 227 miles long. It extends from the head of navigation on the Madeira River southward and upward to the navigable waters of the Mamore River—from Porto Velho de Santo Antonio to Guajara-Mirim. Except for the improvements made by the company, both of these formidable names locate mere spots in the Brazilian jungle. The first train over the whole line was run on April 30,