Transcription factors control cell-specific gene expression programs through interactions with diverse coactivators and the transcription apparatus. Gene activation may involve DNA loop formation between enhancers and promoters, and the recruitment of chromatin remodeling complexes. This complex interplay between transcription factors, coactivators, and the transcription apparatus is crucial for the precise regulation of gene expression. Understanding the mechanisms underlying gene expression regulation is essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases.