Cancer neoantigens have attracted great interest in immunotherapy due to their ability to elicit antitumoral immune responses. These antigens are formed due to mutations in the DNA of cancer cells, making them unique to the tumor and potentially recognizable by the immune system. The identification of these neoantigens is crucial for the development of personalized cancer therapies, as they can be used to design targeted treatments that exploit the tumor's unique characteristics. By understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation of neoantigens, researchers can develop more effective strategies for cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes.