To investigate the HLA-DRB1, DQB1 allele polymorphism in Kunming Yi nationality population.HLA-DRB1, DQB1 DNA types in 70 healthy children of Yi nationality in Kunming were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP).Twelve alleles at HLA-DRB1 locus were observed in the 70 children: the alleles with gene frequencies higher than 10% were HLA-DRB1*12(33.57%), DRB1*0901(11.43%), DRB1*04(11.43%); the alleles with gene frequencies between 10% and 5% were HLA-DRB1*01(8.57%), DRB1*11(7.86%), DRB1*14(7.14%), DRB1*15(7.14%), DRB1*08(5%); the alleles with gene frequencies lower than 5% were HLA-DRB1*03(2.86%), DRB1*13(2.14%), DRB1*07(1.43%), DRB1*16(1.43%). Seven alleles at HLA-DQB1 locus were observed in the 70 children: the alleles with gene frequencies higher than 10% were HLA-DQB1*0301(45%), DQB1*05(22.14%), DQB1*0303(12.14%); the alleles with gene frequencies between 10% and 5% were HLA-DQB1*04(6.43%), DQB1*06(6.43%); the alleles with gene frequencies lower than 5% were HLA-DQB1*0201(4.29%) and DQB1*0302(3.57%).The distribution of HLA-DRB1, DQB1 allele polymorphism in the Kunming Yi nationality population is distinctive. It is neither like that in the South Han population nor like that in the North Han population.