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Estudo comparativo entre três distintas populações de candidatos a transplante hepático : avaliando a dinâmica da lista de espera em um hospital universitário

Authors: Arruda, Soraia;

Estudo comparativo entre três distintas populações de candidatos a transplante hepático : avaliando a dinâmica da lista de espera em um hospital universitário

Abstract

INTRODUÇÃO: O transplante hepático (TxH) vem mudando o curso de doenças graves, incapacitantes e potencialmente fatais, se tornando o tratamento de escolha quando há falência do órgão. OBJETIVO: Comparar as taxas de TxH, exclusão e sobrevida entre candidatos com cirrose descompensada (CIR), situações especiais (SPE) e carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC). MÉTODOS:Foram realizados dois estudos em 358 pacientes: uma coorte retrospectiva (agosto de 2008 - julho de 2009, incluindo 189 pacientes listados) e uma prospectiva (de novembro de 2012 a maio de 2014, com um período de acompanhamento até novembro de 2015, incluindo 169 candidatos a transplante hepático, comparando CIR, HCC e SPE. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: K-in (taxas de entrada da lista de espera: K-1in se CIR, K-2in se HCC e K-3in se SPE); K-out (taxa de TxH); K-1out (drop out no grupo CIR); K-2out (drop out no grupo HCC) e K-3out(drop out no grupo SPE). RESULTADOS: Na coorte retrospectiva, 112 casos (59,3%) tinham CIR, 63 (33,3%) com HCC e 14 (7,4%) se enquadraram em SPE. Os tempos médios de avaliação até a inscrição em lista para TxH foram 194 dias (IC 95% 152-236), 36 dias (IC95% 21-50) e 98 dias (IC95% 0-308) para CIR, HCC e SPE, respectivamente (P <0,001). Dos 86 pacientes transplantados (K-out = 45,5%), 31 tinham CIR (K-1in = 27,7%), 44 HCC (K-2in = 69,8%) e 11 SPE (K-3in = 88,6%) (P <0,001). As taxas de drop out foram maiores em CIR (K-1out = 64,3%, K-2out = 30,2%, K-3out = 21,4%, P <0,001). O hazar ratio (HR) para TxH foi 85% (IC95% 1,35-2,55) maior em HCC do que CIR. Na coorte prospectiva, 110 dos 167 pacientes avaliados foram listados (K-in = 65,9%). Os tempos médios de avaliação foram de 783 dias (IC95% 330-1236), 52 dias (IC95% 17-87) e 184 dias (IC95% 19-349) para CIR, HCC e SPE, respectivamente (P <0,001). Em relação ao TxH, o K1-in foi 21,7%, K2-in, 76,4% e K3-in, 92,3 % (P <0,001). K-out foi 57,3% (63/110), K1-out = 50%, K2-out = 21,1% e K3-out = 3,84% (P <0,001). HR para TxH foi 329% superior em HCC do que CIR (HR = 4,29; IC95%: 2,74-6,72). CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, os pacientes com cirrose descompensada tiveram um tempo de avaliação para transplante significativamente maior que os outros grupos avaliados, bem como maior taxa de drop out em lista. A taxa de transplante foi significativamente menor nos pacientes com cirrose descompensada, demonstrando que as políticas de alocação de órgãos merecem ser revistas.

INTRODUCTION: Liver transplantation (LT) has been changing the course of serious, incapacitating and potentially fatal diseases becoming the treatment of choice when there is organ failure. AIM: To compare transplant, delisting, and survival rates between candidates with decompensated cirrhosis (CIR), special conditions (SPE), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: We carried out two studies with 358 patientes: a retrospective one (Aug 2008-Jul 2009, including 189 enlisted patients) and another prospective (Nov 2012-May 2014, with a follow-up period up to Nov 2015, including 169 LT candidates), comparing CIR, HCC, and SPE. The following variables were assessed: K-in (rates of waitlist entry – K-1in if CIR, K-2in if HCC, and K-3in if SPE); K-out (rate of LT); K-1out (drop-out in CIR); K-2out (drop-out in HCC); and K-3 out (drop-out in SPE). RESULTS: In the retrospective study, 112 cases (59.3%) were due to CIR, 63 (33.3%) to HCC, and 14 (7.4%) to SPE. The average time from selection to enlisting was 194 days (CI95% 152-236), 36 days (CI95% 21-50), and 98 days (CI95% 0-308) for CIR, HCC, and SPE, respectively (P<0.001). Of the 86 transplanted patients (K-out = 45.5%), 31 had CIR (K-1in = 27.7%), 44 HCC (K-2in = 69.8%), and 11 SPE (K-3in = 88.6%) (P<0.001). Drop-out rates were higher in CIR (K-1out = 64.3%, K-2out = 30.2%, K-3out = 21.4%, P<0.001). The hazar ratio (HR) for LT was 85% (CI95% 1.35-2.55) higher in HCC than CIR. In the prospective study, 110 out of 167 evaluated patients were enlisted (K-in = 65.9%). The average time from selection to enlisting was 783 days (CI95% 330-1236), 52 days (CI95% 17-87), and 184 days (CI95% 19-349) for CIR, HCC, and SPE, respectively (P<0.001). Regarding LT, K1-in was 21.7%, K2-in, 76.4%, and K3-in, 92.3% (P<0.001). K-out was 57.3% (63/110), K1-out = 50%, K2-out = 21.1%, and K3-out = 3.84% (P<0.001). HR for LT was 329% times higher in HCC than CIR (HR = 4.29; CI95% 2.74–6.72).CONCLUSION: In this study, patients with decompensated cirrhosis had a time evaluation for transplantation significantly higher than other evaluated groups as well as a higher rate of waiting list drop out. Transplant rate was significantly lower in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, demonstrating that organ allocation policies deserve to be reviewed.

Keywords

Liver transplantation, Listas de espera, Índice de gravidade de doença, Waiting lists, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Liver cirrhosis, Transplante de fígado, Resource allocation, Gastroenterologia, Carcinoma hepatocelular, Liver diseases, Cirrose hepática

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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