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Antropossolos : enquadramento taxonômico e implicações ambientais

Authors: Dias, Mariana Andreotti;

Antropossolos : enquadramento taxonômico e implicações ambientais

Abstract

Resumo: A alteração dos solos pelo homem implica em diversos problemas de ordem ambiental e social. Atualmente o Brasil possui uma taxonomia voltada para a identificação de classes que conseguem esclarecer quais alterações aconteceram nos solos naturais. Os Antropossolos, como são chamados os volumes de solos antropizados, referem-se a classe em maior expansão no mundo e a existência desses implica em situações que vão em desencontro com a ideia de conservação e preservação da natureza. De posse do documento "Proposta de Ordem dos Antropossolos - 1ª Aproximação" (CURCIO et al., 2004) um estudo de caso foi realizado na porção urbana do município de Paranaguá (litoral do Estado do Paraná), no qual se propôs a identificação, a classificação e a caracterização de volumes pedológicos com alterações antrópicas, almejando verificar as fragilidades e potencialidades da temática e os desdobramentos que os mesmos impõem sobre a área de estudo. Para embasar o estudo e fornecer arcabouço teórico uma discussão sobre Anthrosoil e Technosol (termo usado no sistema taxonômico da World Reference Base for Soil Resources, IUSS e FAO, 2014) é apresentada através do estado da arte dos principais sistemas taxonômicos de solos mundiais para volumes antropizados. Assim, uma vasta bibliografia permitiu a compreensão do que são esses volumes e os impactos causados sobre os solos. A metodologia desenvolvida considerou ferramentas dos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e do Sensoriamento Remoto (SR) para a construção do mapa de uso da terra e Antropossolos. As classes utilizadas e quantificadas seguiram a Proposta dos Antropossolos, sendo encontradas na área de estudo três subordens principais: Antropossolos Sômicos, Antropossolos Decapíticos e Antropossolos Líxicos, confirmando a ideia preliminar de alteração dos solos remanescentes. Alguns questionários foram aplicados com moradores a fim de conhecer a dinâmica e o histórico de ocupação, auxiliando também no mapeamento da evolução do uso da terra de 2005 para 2016. De posse das informações identificadas no decorrer da pesquisa foi possível traçar uma análise geográfica no âmbito socioambiental em vista da concreta degradação ambiental e consequente vulnerabilidade socioambiental das localidades alvo de estudo. É pertinente salientar que a presente pesquisa evidencia a importância da análise dos Antropossolos no planejamento e gestão ambiental e territorial, assim como de que os mesmos revelam-se potenciais indicadores para estudos de ordenamento territorial, vulnerabilidade socioambiental e qualidade ambiental. Palavras-chave: Solos; Pedologia; Solos Urbanos, Antropossolos.

Abstract: The alteration of soils by man implies several environmental and social problems. Currently Brazil has a taxonomy aimed at identifying classes that can clarify what changes have occurred in natural soils. Anthroposols, as they are called the volumes of anthropized soils, are the world's most expanding class and their existence implies situations that go in disarray with the idea of conservation and preservation of nature. A case study was carried out in six localities of Paranaguá (Paraná State coast), and it was proposed to identify, classify and characterize volumes of the "Anthroposophical Order Proposal - 1st Approach" (CURCIO et al., 2004) Of anthropic alterations aiming at verifying the fragilities and potentialities of the theme and the unfolding that they impose on the area of study. To support the study and provide theoretical framework a discussion on Anthroposols and Technosols (a term used in the proposal of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, IUSS and FAO, 2014) is presented through the state of the art of the main taxonomic systems of the world soils for anthropized volumes . Thus, a large bibliography allowed to understand what these volumes are and the impacts caused on the soils. The developed methodology considered tools of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Remote Sensoring (SR) for the construction of the map of land use and Anthroposols. The classes used and quantified followed the proposal of the Anthroposols, being found in the study area three main suborders: SOMICOS ANTHROPOSOLS, DECAPITIC ANTHROPOSOLS and LÍXICOS ANTHROPOSOLS, confirming the preliminary idea of alteration of the remaining soils. Some questionnaires were applied with residents of the localities in order to know the dynamics and history of occupation, also assisting in mapping the evolution of land use from 2005 to 2016. With the information identified during the course of the research, it was possible to draw a geographical analysis in the Socioenvironmental scope in view of the concrete environmental degradation and consequent socioenvironmental vulnerability of the target localities. The objective of this incipient research and diagnosis is to make possible the understanding of the importance that these volumes have for environmental and territorial planning and management, as well as to place them as potential indicators for territorial planning, social-environmental vulnerability and environmental quality research. Key-words: Soils; Pedology; Urban Soils, Anthroposol.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Terra, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia. Defesa: Curitiba, 16/03/2017

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Eduardo Vedor de Paula

Inclui referências : f. 91-106

Keywords

Ciencia do solo, Solo urbano - Uso, Teses, Geografia fisica, Geografia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average