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Movement Disorders
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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PubMed Central
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: PubMed Central
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Loss of ANK3 Function Causes a Recessive Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Cerebellar Ataxia

Authors: Reza Maroofian; Giulia Spoto; Dalila Moualek; Maha S. Zaki; Asthik Biswas; Felice D'Arco; Sajjad Biglari; +5 Authors

Loss of ANK3 Function Causes a Recessive Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Cerebellar Ataxia

Abstract

Abstract Background ANK3 encodes ankyrin‐G, a key scaffolding protein essential for neuronal function. While both monoallelic and biallelic ANK3 variants have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), existing evidence for their pathogenicity and clinical correlation remains limited and heterogeneous. Objective To delineate the clinical features associated with biallelic ANK3 predicted loss‐of‐function (pLOF) variants. Methods We employed exome sequencing, Sanger validation, detailed clinical phenotyping, and extensive international data sharing to identify patients with biallelic ANK3 variants. Results We describe five individuals from three unrelated consanguineous families with segregating homozygous ANK3 pLOF variants. These patients presented with a relatively consistent phenotype comprising developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, variable epilepsy, and cerebellar signs including ataxia, tremor, and dysarthria. Among the three patients for whom brain magnetic resonance imaging was available, cerebellar atrophy was observed, predominantly affecting the superior vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. These clinical findings align with murine models lacking the cerebellar ankyrin‐G isoform, which similarly exhibit ataxic features and high cerebellar ANK3 expression. Conclusion Our findings support a recognizable NDD with non‐progressive cerebellar ataxia linked to biallelic ANK3 pLOF variants. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Keywords

Ankyrins, Male, Cerebellar Ataxia, Adolescent, Brief Report, Developmental Disabilities, Pedigree, Phenotype, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Loss of Function Mutation, Child, Preschool, Cerebellum, Humans, Female, Child

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid