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The Annals of Mathematical Statistics
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A Note on the Maximum Sample Excursions of Stochastic Approximation Processes

A note on the maximum sample excursions of stochastic approximation processes
Authors: Kushner, Harold J.;

A Note on the Maximum Sample Excursions of Stochastic Approximation Processes

Abstract

In this note we give a result on the maximum sample excursions of Kiefer-Wolfowitz stochastic approximation processes. The method is applicable to other stochastic approximation procedures, and under other conditions than those assumed here. Let $y(x)$ be a scalar valued random variable with distribution function $H(y \mid x)$, where $x$ is a scalar valued parameter. Define $M(x) = \int yH(dy \mid x)$. Let $M(x)$ be continuous and have a unique local maximum at $x = \theta$ and let $a_n, c_n$ be sequences of positive real numbers satisfying \begin{equation*}\tag{1}\sum a_n = \infty,\quad\sum a_n^2c_n^{-2} \epsilon\rbrack 0$ and $\alpha > 0$. Then \begin{equation*}\tag{4}P\lbrack\max_{m \geqq n \geqq N} |x_n - \theta| > (1 + \alpha)|x_N - \theta| + \beta\rbrack \end{equation*} $< \lbrack(x_N - \theta)^r + \delta_{Nr}\rbrack/\lbrack \beta + (1 + \alpha)|x_N - \theta|\rbrack^r$ which can be made arbitrarily small by fixing $r$ sufficiently large, and then arranging $a_n$ and $c_n$ so that $\delta_{Nr}$ is sufficiently small. Aside from the intrinsic interest of (3) and (4), these results seem to have some practical usefulness in assisting in the choice of the $a_n$ and $c_n$ when there is more than one local maximum of $M(x)$, or if the process (2) is used to optimize the parameters of a physical system whose performance $(M(x))$ should not be reduced below some minimum level--the value of $x$ corresponding to this level may not be known. In both of these cases we may wish to limit the excursions to some given multiple or function of $|x_0 - \theta|$, with a high probability, while still being certain that $x_n \rightarrow \theta$ w.p.1.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
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