
A tree $T$, in an edge-colored graph $G$, is called {\em a rainbow tree} if no two edges of $T$ are assigned the same color. A {\em $k$-rainbow coloring}of $G$ is an edge coloring of $G$ having the property that for every set $S$ of $k$ vertices of $G$, there exists a rainbow tree $T$ in $G$ such that $S\subseteq V(T)$. The minimum number of colors needed in a $k$-rainbow coloring of $G$ is the {\em $k$-rainbow index of $G$}, denoted by $rx_k(G)$. In this paper, we consider 3-rainbow index $rx_3(G)$ of $G$. We first show that for connected graph $G$ with minimum degree $��(G)\geq 3$, the tight upper bound of $rx_3(G)$ is $rx_3(G[D])+4$, where $D$ is the connected 2-dominating set of $G$. And then we determine a tight upper bound for $K_{s,t}(3\leq s\leq t)$ and a better bound for $(P_5,C_5)$-free graphs. Finally, we obtain a sharp bound for 3-rainbow index of general graphs.
7 pages 1 figures
05C05, 05C15, 05C69, 05C85, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Combinatorics (math.CO)
05C05, 05C15, 05C69, 05C85, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Combinatorics (math.CO)
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