
doi: 10.1007/11527695_20
We consider the satisfiability problem for CNF formulas that contain a (hidden) Horn and a 2-CNF (also called quadratic) part, called mixed (hidden) Horn formulas. We show that SAT remains NP-complete for such instances and also that any SAT instance can be encoded in terms of a mixed Horn formula in polynomial time. Further, we provide an exact deterministic algorithm showing that SAT for mixed (hidden) Horn formulas containing n variables is solvable in time O(2$^{\rm 0.5284{\it n}}$). A strong argument showing that it is hard to improve a time bound of O(2n/2) for mixed Horn formulas is provided. We also obtain a fixed-parameter tractability classification for SAT restricted to mixed Horn formulas C of at most k variables in its positive 2-CNF part providing the bound O(||C||20.5284k). Motivating examples for mixed Horn formulas are level graph formulas [14] and graph colorability formulas.
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