The results of a comparative study of efficiency of a method of non-invasive adaptive neuro-electrostimulation and the standard method of treatment to restore cognitive deficits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are presented in this paper. A brief description of the neuroelectrostimulation device - SYMPATHOCOR-01 and method of the dynamic corrections of the activity sympathetic nervous system (DCASNS) are proposed in this paper. The study involved 72 children with ADHD separated into two groups according to the type of treatment: the gold standard of treatment of ADHD in Russia and DCASNS method. As a result of the neuro - electrostimulation procedures in 12 months, there was significant improvement in attention, working memory, executive functions and behavior control in children with ADHD. Patient monitoring was performed using psychometric (ADHD-RS-IV), psychophysiological (TOVA) and electrophysiological (EEG) research methods. Results of a study allowed to formulate basic hypotheses about the clinical effects of DCASNS method. If ADHD is considered as a model of cognitive deficits the results of study can be used to treat cognitive impairments at various diseases in the elderly. Research using neuroimaging techniques is required to confirm the assumptions.