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Alendronate promotes plasmin‐mediated MMP‐9 inactivation by exposing cryptic plasmin degradation sites within the MMP‐9 catalytic domain

Authors: FARINA, ANTONIETTA; CAPPABIANCA, LUCIA ANNAMARIA; Di Ianni N; RUGGERI, PIERDOMENICO; Ragone M; Merolle S; Gulino A; +1 Authors

Alendronate promotes plasmin‐mediated MMP‐9 inactivation by exposing cryptic plasmin degradation sites within the MMP‐9 catalytic domain

Abstract

Irreversible MMP‐9 inhibition is considered a significant therapeutic goal in inflammatory, vascular and tumour pathology. We report that divalent cation chelators Alendronate and EDTA not only directly inhibited MMP‐9 but also promoted irreversible plasmin‐mediated MMP‐9 inactivation by exposing cryptic plasmin‐degradation sites within the MMP‐9 catalytic‐domain and producing an inhibitory hemopexin–domain fragment. This effect was also observed using MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells, which activated exogenous plasminogen to degrade endogenous proMMP‐9 in the presence of Alendronate or EDTA. Degradation‐mediated inactivation of proMMP‐9 occurred in the absence of transient activation, attesting to the incapacity of plasmin to directly activate proMMP‐9 and direct MMP‐9 inhibition by Alendronate and EDTA. Our study provides a novel rational for therapeutic Alendronate use in MMP‐9‐dependent pathology characterised by plasminogen activation.

Country
Italy
Keywords

hemopexin-domain; bisphosphonate alendronate; irreversible inhibition; mmp-9; catalytic-domain; divalent cation chelation, Hemopexin–domain, Biophysics, Catalytic-domain, Biochemistry, Catalysis, Divalent cation chelation, Structural Biology, Hemopexin, Catalytic Domain, Cations, Cell Line, Tumor, Bisphosphonate Alendronate, Genetics, Humans, Fibrinolysin, Molecular Biology, Edetic Acid, Chelating Agents, Alendronate, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Bisphosphonate Alendronate ; MMP-9; Hemopexin–domain, Irreversible inhibition, Plasminogen, Cell Biology, Recombinant Proteins, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, MMP-9

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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