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Tissues such as skin, fat or cuticle are non-transparent because inhomogeneities in the tissue scatter light. We demonstrate experimentally that light can be focused through turbid layers of living tissue, in spite of scattering. Our method is based on the fact that coherent light forms an interference pattern, even after hundreds of scattering events. By spatially shaping the wavefront of the incident laser beam, this interference pattern was modified to make the scattered light converge to a focus. In contrast to earlier experiments, where light was focused through solid objects, we focused light through living pupae of Drosophila melanogaster. We discuss a dynamic wavefront shaping algorithm that follows changes due to microscopic movements of scattering particles in real time. We relate the performance of the algorithm to the measured timescale of the changes in the speckle pattern and analyze our experiment in the light of Laser Doppler flowmetry. Applications in particle tracking, imaging, and optical manipulation are discussed.
skin, 530 Physics, 10192 Physics Institute, light interference, 3107 Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, biomedical optical imaging, particle tracking, Practical, Laser Doppler flowmetry, SX00 SystemsX.ch, SX15 WingX, B7510J Optical and laser radiation (biomedical imaging/measurement), fat, particle imaging, 2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, optical focusing/ light focusing, 2502 Biomaterials, 2504 Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, optical manipulation/ A8750B Interactions of biosystems with radiations, optics, turbidity, living tissue, Drosophila melanogaster, A8760F Optical and laser radiation (medical uses), interference pattern, 570 Life sciences; biology, cuticle, Experimental/ biological techniques, biological tissues, bio, spatial wavefront shaping, A8780 Biophysical instrumentation and techniques
skin, 530 Physics, 10192 Physics Institute, light interference, 3107 Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, biomedical optical imaging, particle tracking, Practical, Laser Doppler flowmetry, SX00 SystemsX.ch, SX15 WingX, B7510J Optical and laser radiation (biomedical imaging/measurement), fat, particle imaging, 2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, optical focusing/ light focusing, 2502 Biomaterials, 2504 Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, optical manipulation/ A8750B Interactions of biosystems with radiations, optics, turbidity, living tissue, Drosophila melanogaster, A8760F Optical and laser radiation (medical uses), interference pattern, 570 Life sciences; biology, cuticle, Experimental/ biological techniques, biological tissues, bio, spatial wavefront shaping, A8780 Biophysical instrumentation and techniques
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 37 | |
popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |