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Anthraniloyl-derived nucleotides as potent and selective adenylyl cyclase inhibitors

Anthraniloyl-derivatisierte Nukleotide als potente und selektive Adenylyl Zyklase Inhibitoren
Authors: Geduhn, Jens;

Anthraniloyl-derived nucleotides as potent and selective adenylyl cyclase inhibitors

Abstract

Säugetiere exprimieren neun membranäre Adenylyl-Zyklasen (AC 1-9) für die Katalyse des wichtigen second messengers cAMP in der intrazelluären Signaltransduktion. Inhibitoren von AC1 und AC5 könnten nützliche Arzneistoffe für Neuroprotektion, Herzinsuffizienz und eine verlängerte Lebenserwartung darstellen. 2�,3�-O-(N-Methylanthraniloyl) (MANT)-substituierte Nukleotide sind kompetitive AC-Inhibitoren und wurden mit unterschiedlichen Nukleobasen in hoher Reinheit nach reversed phase HPLC Separation synthetisiert. MANT-Nukleotide wurden auf ihre inhibitorische Potenz an rekombinanten AC1, 2 und 5 untersucht, die in einem Sf9-Insekten-Zell-System exprimiert wurden. In unseren ersten Untersuchungen wurde MANT-ITP als zur Zeit potentester AC1 und 5 Inhibitor mit Ki Werten von 1 - 3 nM identifiziert. Interessanterweise konnten bis-substituierte MANT-Nukleotide als Nebenprodukte in der regulären MANT-Nukleotidsynthese entdeckt werden. Die Synthese von neuen mono- und bis-substituierten Anthraniloyl-Gruppen derivatisierter Purinnukleotide wurde ausgeweitet. Der Anthraniloylrest unterscheidet sich durch Halogene von Chlor und Brom und einer acetylierten Aminogruppe in 5 Position des Phenylringsystems. Desweiteren führt die Substitution der Aminofunktion der ANT-Gruppe zu den entsprechenden Propyl-Derivaten. Das immobile und aerobe Bakterium Bordetella pertussis sondert den wichtigen krankheitsbestimmenden Faktor, das Adenylyl-Zyklase-Toxin CyaA, ab. Insgesamt wurden 32 Verbindungen synthetisiert, um 16 Paare von mono- und bis-substituierten (M)ANT-Nukleotiden auf ihre inhibitorische Potenz an CyaA und membranären ACs (mACs) zu untersuchen. Zum ersten Mal fanden wir Inhibitoren für das CyaA-Toxin, die sowohl eine hohe Inhibitionskraft als auch hohe Selektivität gegenüber den Säugerzyklasen aufwiesen. Bis-substituierte halogenanthraniloyl-derivatisierte Purinnukleotide inhibieren CyaA kompetitiv im nanomolaren Bereich (Ki = 13 - 20 nM). Desweiteren haben bis-substituierte halogenanthraniloyl-derivatisierte Adeninnukleotide nicht nur hohe Affinität zur bakteriellen Zyklase, sondern zeigen auch eine 50- bis 150-fache Selektivität in Abhängigkeit der gewählten AC1, 2 oder 5. Modeling Studien vermitteln einen Eindruck der nahe liegenden Anordnung des Nukleotidbindungsmotifs zu CyaA. Das Docking von bis-substituierten halogenanthraniloyl Derivaten legt vermehrte hydrophobe Wechselwirkung zwischen Enzym und Inhibitor dar, die die höhere Inhibitionskraft dieser Klasse von Verbindungen bewirkt. Im Vergleich zu mono-substituierten (M)ANT-Nukleotiden bieten bis-substituierte (M)ANT-Nukleotide in der Fluoreszenzspektroskopie ein exzellentes Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis mit Anwendungsmöglichkeiten im HTS zur Abschätzung der Potenz von nicht-fluoreszierenden Inhibitoren.

Mammals express nine membranous adenylyl cyclases (AC 1-9) for the catalysis of the important second messenger cAMP in the intracellular signaling pathway. Inhibitors of AC1 and AC5 may be useful drugs for neuroprotection, heart failure and longevity. 2�,3�-O-(N-Methylanthraniloyl) (MANT)-substituted nucleotides are competitive AC inhibitors and were synthesized with different nucleobases in high purity after reversed phase HPLC separation. MANT-nucleotides were tested for their inhibitory potency at recombinant AC1, 2, and 5 expressed by a Sf9 insect cell system. In our primary investigations MANT-ITP was identified as the most potent AC1 and 5 inhibitor known so far with Ki values of 1 - 3 nM. Interestingly, bis-substituted MANT-nucleotides were discovered as side products in the regular synthesis of MANT-nucleotides. The synthesis of new mono- and bis-substituted anthraniloyl-group derived purine nucleotides was expanded. The anthraniloyl moiety differ by halogens of chlorine and bromine and acetylated amino group in 5 position of the phenyl ring system. Moreover, substitution at the amino function of the ANT-group lead to propyl derivatives. The immobile and aerobic bacterium Bordetella pertussis secretes the key virulence factor, the adenylyl cyclase toxin CyaA. Overall, 32 compounds were prepared to compare 16 pairs of mono- and bis-substituted (M)ANT-nucleotides for their potencies at inhibiting CyaA and membranous ACs (mAC). For the first time we found inhibitors combining high inhibition potency for CyaA toxin with selectivity towards mammalian ACs. Bis-substituted halogen anthraniloyl-derived purine nucleotides inhibited CyaA in the nanomolar range in a competitive manner (Ki = 13 - 20 nM). Moreover, bis-substituted halogen anthraniloyl-derived nucleotides of adenine displayed not only high affinity to the bacterial AC, but also revealed high selectivity by 50- to 150-fold depending on the chosen mAC 1, 2 or 5. The modeling study demonstrate an impression for the obvious alignment of the (M)ANT-nucleotide binding mode to CyaA. The docking of bis-substituted halogen anthraniloyl derivatives exposed additional hydrophobic interactions between enzyme and inhibitor causing higher potency for this class of compounds. Bis-substituted (M)ANT-nucleotides offered the advantage of excellent signal to noise ratio in fluorescence spectroscopy, compared to mono-substituted (M)ANT-nucleotides, with applications in HTS for assessment of non-fluorescent inhibitor potencies.

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Keywords

ddc:540, 540 Chemie, 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie, ddc:570, Nukleotide, Adenylyl-Zyklase, Inhibitor, MANT, Nukleotide, CyaA, adenylyl cyclase, inhibitor, MANT, nucleotide, CyaA

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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