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Developmental Biology
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Developmental Biology
Article . 2013
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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Developmental Biology
Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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Spry1 and Spry2 are necessary for eyelid closure

Authors: Kuracha, Murali R.; Siefker, Ed; Licht, Jonathan D.; Govindarajan, Venkatesh;

Spry1 and Spry2 are necessary for eyelid closure

Abstract

Sproutys (Sprys) are downstream targets and negative feedback regulators of the FGF-Ras-ERK signaling pathway. Our previous studies have shown that Spry1 and Spry2, through negative modulation of FGF-ERK signaling, allow lens vesicle separation from the overlying ectoderm and regulate corneal epithelial proliferation. Here we show that Spry1 and Spry2 are necessary for eyelid closure. Murine palpebral conjunctival epithelial cells that differentiate as inner eyelids and adjacent mesenchymal cells express Spry1 and Spry2 prior to eyelid closure. Conditional deletion of both Spry1 and Spry2, but not either one alone, in the ocular surface epithelial cells result in the "EOB" (eyes open at birth) phenotype suggesting redundant roles for these proteins during eyelid closure. Spry mutant eyelids show increased proliferation of conjunctival epithelial cells with concomitant induction of FGF targets, Erm, Pea3 and Dusp6 and elevated ERK phosphorylation. Peridermal cells at the leading edge of Spry-mutant eyelids showed reduced c-Jun, but not ERK, phosphorylation, reduced F-actin polymerization and reduced motility in vitro. Spry mutant eyelids also showed disruptions in epithelial mesenchymal interactions reflected in the enhanced mesenchymal Spry1 and Spry4 expression, disaggregation of BMP4-positive mesenchymal cells and loss of Shh in the eyelid epithelium. Spry mutant eyelids also showed increased Wnt signaling and reduced expression of Foxc1 and Foxc2, two transcription factors previously shown to be necessary for eyelid closure. Collectively, our results show that conjunctival epithelial Spry1 and Spry2 redundantly promote eyelid closure by (a) stimulating ERK-independent, c-Jun-mediated peridermal migration, (b) suppressing conjunctival epithelial proliferation through FGF-ERK signaling, (c) mediating conjunctival epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and (d) maintaining expression of Foxc1 and Foxc2.

Keywords

C-Jun, Sprouty, Foxc1, Foxc2, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4, Epithelium, Wnt, Mice, Cell Movement, FGF, Animals, Hedgehog Proteins, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases, Molecular Biology, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Knockout, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Eyelids, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Membrane Proteins, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Cell Biology, Embryo, Mammalian, Fibroblast Growth Factors, ERK, Epidermal Cells, Mutation, Developmental Biology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
24
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
hybrid