AbstractThe greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) is mainly distributed in the humid and sub‐humid regions of the sub‐Saharan Africa. It is believed to be the second largest African rodent. The aim of this study was to describe the normal osteology and radiographic anatomy of the thoracic limb of the greater cane rat as a reference for teaching, clinical use, anatomical studies and biomedical research. Five intact dead greater cane rats were used for radiographic examination. Radiographic findings were correlated with bone specimens. The clavicle was seen in all animals. The scapula was wide with well‐developed acromion and coracoid process. The major and minor tubercles did not extend higher than the head of the humerus. The deltoid tuberosity was very prominent. The medial epicondyle was larger than its lateral counterpart, and the supratrochlear foramen was present. The radial tuberosity was further distally located. The ulnar head was well‐developed, and the olecranon tuber was square‐shaped. The distal physes for the radius and ulna appeared transverse. The carpus had eight bones. The manus presented with five widely spread digits. The first digit was reduced in size and placed such that the dorsal and palmar surfaces face almost medial and lateral, respectively. Additionally, two rudimentary digits were seen. Variations exist in the normal osteology and radiographic anatomy of the thoracic limb in different species. Knowledge of the normal osteology and radiographic anatomy of the thoracic limb of individual species is important for species identification and diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases involving the thoracic limb.