To identify risks of development of any disease is a priority of modern medicine. The article deals with ESR1 gene polymorphisms and its role in the development of premenstrual. The objective: of this study was to investigate the frequency of polymorphic variants of A-351G gene estrogen receptor ESR1 in patients with various forms of premenstrual syndrome. Materials and methods. Molecular genetic analysis of ESR1 gene polymorphism was determines in 50 women with premenstrual syndrome (25 women of them had edematous form of disease, 25 – neuropsychical one; 25 suffered from mild form, 25 – severe one). 25 women without diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome were examined as controls. Results. The study of A-351G polymorphism estrogen gene ESR1 demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the frequency of distribution of genotypes and alleles between women with premenstrual syndrome and without this pathology. However, the frequency of GG genotype in women with severe PMS was significantly higher in 8.0 times compared with healthy women (χ2=4.87; p=0.03) and in women with edematous form of PMS – in 7.0 times (χ2=3.72; p=0.05). Conclusion. Thus, a polymorphic variant of A-351G estrogen receptor gene ESR1 can be regarded as a marker for the development of premenstrual syndrome. Pathological variant GG genotype is significantly associated with the presence of edematous and severe forms of the disease. Key words: premenstrual syndrome, genetic factors, development.