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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2017
License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
Data sources: Datacite
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A uniformness conjecture of the Kolakoski sequence, graph connectivity, and correlations

Authors: Shen, Bobby;

A uniformness conjecture of the Kolakoski sequence, graph connectivity, and correlations

Abstract

The Kolakoski sequence is the unique infinite sequence with values in $\{1,2\}$ and first term $1$ which equals the sequence of run-lengths of itself, we call this $K(1,2).$ We define $K(m,n)$ similarly. A well-known conjecture is that the limiting density of $K(1,2)$ is one-half. We state a natural generalization, the "generalized uniformness conjecture" (GUC). The GUC seems intractable, but we prove a partial result. The GUC implies that members of a certain family of directed graphs $G_{m,n,k}$ are all strongly connected. We prove this unconditionally. For $d>0,$ let $cf(m,n,d)$ be the density of indices $i$ such that $K(m, n)_i=K(m, n)_{i+d}.$ Essentially, $cf(m, n, d)$ is the autocorrelation function of a stationary stochastic process with random variables $\{X_t\}_{t\in\mathbb{Z}}$ whereby a sample of a finite window of this process is formed by copying as many consecutive terms of $K(m,n)$ starting from a "uniformly random index" $i\in\mathbb{Z}_+.$ Assuming the GUC, we prove that we can compute $cf(m,n,d)$ exactly for quite large $d$ by constructing a periodic sequence $S$ of period around $10^{8.5}$ such that for $d$ not too large, the correlation frequency at distance $d$ in $K(m,n)$ equals that in $S.$ We efficiently compute correlations in $S$ using polynomial multiplication via FFT. We plot our estimates $cf(m,n,d)$ for several small values of $(m,n)$ and $d\le10^5$ or $10^6$. We note many suggested patterns. For example, for the three pairs $(m,n)\in\{(1,2),(2,3),(3,4)\},$ the function $cf(m,n,d)$ behaves very differently as we restrict $d$ to the $m+n$ residue classes $\text{mod}$ $m+n.$ The plots of the three functions $cf(1,2,d),cf(2,3,d),$ and $cf(3,4,d)$ resemble waves which have common nodes. We consider this very unusual behavior for an autocorrelation function. The pairs $(m,n)\in\{(1,4),(1,6),(2,5)\}$ show wave-like patterns with much more noise.

29 pages, 1 table, 16 figures, draft. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1702.08156

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Keywords

FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Combinatorics (math.CO)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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