AbstractNon-abelian X-ray tomography seeks to recover a matrix potential $$\Phi :M\rightarrow {\mathbb {C}}^{m\times m}$$ Φ : M → C m × m in a domain M from measurements of its so-called scattering data $$C_\Phi $$ C Φ at $$\partial M$$ ∂ M . For $$\dim M\ge 3$$ dim M ≥ 3 (and under appropriate convexity and regularity conditions), injectivity of the forward map $$\Phi \mapsto C_\Phi $$ Φ ↦ C Φ was established in (Paternain et al. in Am J Math 141(6):1707–1750, 2019). The present article extends this result by proving a Hölder-type stability estimate. As an application, a statistical consistency result for $$\dim M =2$$ dim M = 2 (Monard et al. in Commun Pure Appl Math, 2019) is generalised to higher dimensions. The injectivity proof in (Paternain et al. in Am J Math 141(6):1707–1750, 2019) relies on a novel method by Uhlmann and Vasy (Invent Math 205(1):83–120, 2016), which first establishes injectivity in a shallow layer below $$\partial M$$ ∂ M and then globalises this by a layer stripping argument. The main technical contribution of this paper is a more quantitative version of these arguments, in particular, proving uniform bounds on layer depth and stability constants.