Yeast nuclear RNA polymerases are multisubunit enzymes that contain in common some small subunits. We show that the smallest, a 10-kDa component of three enzymes (A10, B10, and C10), is heterogeneous. In each case, it can be resolved into two distinct polypeptides (alpha and beta) by reverse-phase chromatography. A10 alpha, B10 alpha, and C10 alpha were indistinguishable on the basis of their electrophoretic and chromatographic behaviors, characteristic silver staining, and tryptic peptide analysis. All three polypeptides are blocked at their amino termini. By the same criteria, A10 beta, B10 beta, and C10 beta were also indistinguishable. The amino-terminal sequence of A10 beta and C10 beta corresponded to that of subunit B10 recently cloned by Woychik and Young (Woychik, N. A., and Young, R. A. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 17816-17819). Thus, the three forms of RNA polymerase share two additional and distinct polypeptides, ABC10 alpha and ABC10 beta, that therefore can be considered bona fide subunits of these enzymes. Interestingly, these two subunits bind zinc.