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Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Characteristics and Obstetrical Management

Authors: Tomizo, Nishiguchi; Takao, Kobayashi;

Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Characteristics and Obstetrical Management

Abstract

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by a combination of clinical features consisted of thrombotic or pregnancy-related events and autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies. In the 1998 International Consensus Preliminary Criteria, APS is defined by the concomitant presence of these clinical features and laboratory tests, including solid immunoassay and lupus anticoagulant (LAC). Current concept of antiphospholipid antibodies directed against plasma proteins with affinity for negatively charged phospholipids, mainly beta2-glyoprotein 1 (beta2GP1) and prothrombin, that is, anti-beta2GP1 and anti-prothrombin antibodies have been shown as a key antibody in the APS, while the pathophysiological mechanisms remain still uncertain. In the recent investigations potential mechanisms, such as endothelial activation induced by bivalent-formed antiphospholipid antibodies and complement activation, have emerged. Recurrent pregnancy losses or fetal death, and increased rates of preeclampsia and placental insufficiency are the clinical features in the APS. It is now accepted that unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin in combination with low-dose aspirin represents the current standard treatment for pregnant women with anti-phospholipid antibodies, and high-dose immunoglobulin is considered as a salvage therapy for refractory APS. This review highlights the characteristics of APS and the recent consensus for obstetrical managements in APS.

Keywords

Adult, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy, Animals, Humans, Female, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Delivery, Obstetric

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
9
Average
Average
Top 10%
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