Sociologists still conceive modernity in the terms of the opposition of the sociological tradition (Nisbet), that can be roughly summarised by the famous Gemeinschaft vs Gesellschaft. The sociologists of religion have shown that the religious revival does not come only from premodern elements, but comes also from contradictions of modernity itself. In the case of ethnic revival one should make out the difference between different historic cases. Can the demand for significance express itself through ethnic revivals as well as through religious revivals?