Drinking water is a leading environmental and hygienic factor that influences population health as it tends to contain a lot of chemicals, both natural and anthropogenic in their origin. Our research goal was to hygienically assess drinking water from underground water sources taken from centralized water supply systems on Island Russkiy. Research object. We hygienically assessed quality of water supply on Island Russkiy (Primorye) in 2017–2019 as per 33 sanitary-chemical and 3 microbiological parameters at three stages: water from underground sources (120 samples); water at pump stations (138 samples); water taken from distribution network (204 samples). Data and methods. The first stage in hygienic assessment of drinking water was performed as per methodical guidelines provided by F.F. Erisman’s Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene «Assessment of sanitary-epidemiologic reliability of centralized drinking water supply systems» (MG 2.1.4-2370-08). The second stage involved calculating reflex-olfactor, chronic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects and integral assessment of drinking water taken from centralized water supply systems as per chemical safety parameters (MG 2.1.4.0032-11). Basic results. We detected that drinking water quality most significantly deteriorated as per its microbiological and organoleptic parameters during transportation, and it made the greatest contribution into sanitary-epidemiologic ill-being of centralized drinking water supply systems. We revealed that non-carcinogenic risks and reflex-olfactor impacts exceeded their acceptable levels. Our analysis also revealed that physiologically insufficient iron contents and water turbidity were priority factors that predetermined poor quality of drinking water. Chemical structure of drinking water didn’t cause any significant threats for population health; however, it is necessary to reconstruct water supply systems and eliminate deficiency of macro- and micro-elements in drinking water due to additional sources of their supply.