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Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
Article . 1997 . Peer-reviewed
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Fatores de risco em operações valvares: análise de 412 casos

Authors: BUENO, Ronaldo Machado; ÁVILA NETO, Vicente; MELO, Ricardo F. A.;

Fatores de risco em operações valvares: análise de 412 casos

Abstract

O tratamento cirúrgico das valvopatias é muito freqüente e sua mortalidade ainda não se aproxima de zero. Neste estudo, procuramos identificar diversos fatores que poderiam aumentar o risco cirúrgico nestes procedimentos. Para isso, foram analisadas, retrospectivamente, 412 operações valvares realizadas no período de janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 1995. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 48,3 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino (59,3%). Consistiam em reoperação 154 (37,4%) casos e 24 (5,8%) pacientes necessitaram revascularização miocárdica (RM) associada. As valvas acometidas foram: mitral isolada (55,1%), aórtica isolada (27,2%), mitral e aórtica (11,4%), mitral e tricúspide (4,4%), tricúspide (0,7%), mitral aórtica e tricúspide (1,2%). A mortalidade hospitalar geral foi de 8,3%. Apresentaram-se como fatores de risco, relacionados à maior mortalidade, os seguintes: idade superior a 60 anos, presença de fibrilação atrial (FA) no pré-operatório, necessidade de troca valvar (impossibilidade de preservação), classe funcional IV da NYHA no pré-operatório, redução da função ventricular (FE menor que 0,50), tempo de anôxia miocárdica superior a 75 minutos e tempo de circulação extracorpórea (CEC) superior a 120 minutos. Pacientes submetidos a reoperação valvar e aqueles com RM associada apresentaram mortalidade mais elevada (11,7% e 20,8%, respectivamente), mas sem significância estatística. Por outro lado, a valva acometida, sexo, tipo de prótese utilizada nas trocas valvares (biológica ou metálica), número de operações valvares realizadas previamente (nas reoperações), intervalo de tempo entre a última operação e a atual (nas reoperações), e também nas reoperações o fato de ter sido submetido à troca valvar ou cirurgia conservadora previamente não alteram a mortalidade. Indicação cirúrgica precisa e no momento adequado, controle de arritmias pré-operatórias, novos medicamentos para controle da ICC e melhora da função ventricular, aprimoramento e surgimento de novas técnicas para preservação valvar, e novos mecanismos para suporte hemodinâmico pré, per e pós-operatório são medidas que podem reduzir ainda mais a mortalidade.Cardiac valve procedures are very commom in heart surgery but its mortality is not yet null. In this study, a retrospective analysis of 412 cases was done between January 1994 and December 1995 to identify increased risk factors in these procedures. The mean age of patients was 48.3 years (13 to 85 years) with 59.3% (244 patients) females. Reoperations for valve diseases were performed on 154 cases (37.4%) and in 24 patients (5.8%) associated myocardial revascularization was necessary. The valves involved were: isolated mitral (55,1%), isolated aortic (27.2%), mitro-aortic (11.4%), mitro-tricuspid (4.4%), tricuspid (0.7%), mitro-aortic-tricuspid (1.2%). The hospital mortality was 8.3%. The following factors were identified to be significant predictors for hospital mortality: age over 60, preoperative atrial fibrillation, valve replacement (impossibility of native valve preservation), preoperative NYHA functional class IV, ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 0.50), aortic cross clamp time longer than 75 minutes, and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass longer than 120 minutes. Patients submitted to valve reoperations and those with associated myocardial revascularization showed increased mortality (11.7% and 20.8% respectively), but there were no significant statistical differences. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between risk and the valve involved, prostheses used in valve replacement (bioprostheses or mechanical prostheses) number of prior cardiac valve surgeries previous realized, interval since the last cardiac valve surgery (in reoperations) and (also in reoperations) if the patient was previously submitted to a valve replacement or a conservative operation. A precise surgical indication, the treatment of preoperative arrhythmias, new drugs for controlling congestive heart failure and to improve ventricular function, the improvement and appearance of new operative techniques for conservative management of valvular diseases, and a better hemodynamic support pre, per and post operative are measures that could further reduce mortality in cardiac valve surgery.

Keywords

Heart valves, RD1-811, RC666-701, Valvas cardíacas, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Valvas cardíacas/cirurgia, Surgery, Valvas cardíacas/fatores de risco

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold