The paper describes, in historic aspect, the main stages of development of reconstructive-restorative surgery and 50-year experience of application of polymer materials if the Clinic of General Surgery at the Siberian State Medical University (Tomsk) (1958—2008). The results of experimental investigations of polymer plastic, suture, and glue materials of different construction and chemical structure are analyzed. For the first time, the state (chemical structure and biological stability) of implanted Russian lavsan and polypropylene have been studied in 59 patients after a long (up to 33 years) period in human organism. Explantants of a new construction and methods of hernioplasty have been developed. More than 5000 polymer-plastic operations have been made in patients with difficult forms of the hernial disease.