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Ce papier ambitionne d’apporter sa pierre à l’édifice de la recherche sur le capital immatériel en particulier sa relation avec la performance qui selon de nombreux chercheurs est ambigüe. En effet c’est seulement dans les années 1990 que le capital immatériel a commencé à être considéré comme une composante de la richesse. Il a été adopté en 2005 par la banque mondiale comme paramètre scientifique. Il n’existe pas de définition du capital immatériel qui soit unanimement acceptée par tous, mais sa division en trois composantes qui sont le capital humain, le capital structurel et le capital relationnel fait de plus en plus autorité parmi les chercheurs. La clef de la compréhension de sa contribution à la performance pourrait se trouver dans l’étude des interactions entre ses différentes composantes citées précédemment. L’importance de cette interaction fut soulignée dans plusieurs travaux qui affirment qu’une composante du capital immatériel ne crée pas de valeur individuellement, mais plutôt en étant associée aux autres composantes. Dans cette optique, les chercheurs ont investigué sur plusieurs mécanismes d’interaction entre ces composantes. Après une prise de connaissance des travaux ayant traités la question, nous proposons un modèle conceptuel expliquant l’impact du capital immatériel sur la performance qui se veut être une extension de ces précédents travaux. En fournissant une analyse détaillée des études empiriques ayant investigué sur la relation entre chacune des composantes du capital immatériel et de la performance, ce papier ouvre la voie à de futures études en dressant un bilan de l’existant. Mots clés : Capital humain, Capital structurel, Capital relationnel, Performance Classification JEL : M10 Type de l’article : Article théorique.
This paper aims to contribute to the research on intellectual capital, in particular its relationship with performance, which according to many researchers is ambiguous. Indeed, it is only in the 1990s that intellectual capital started to be considered as a component of wealth. It was adopted in 2005 by the World Bank as a scientific parameter. There is no universally accepted definition of intellectual capital, but its division into three components, namely human capital, structural capital and relational capital, is becoming increasingly authoritative among researchers. The key to understanding its contribution to performance could be found in the study of the interactions between its different components mentioned above. The importance of this interaction has been emphasized in several works that assert that a component of intellectual capital does not create value individually but rather by being associated with other components. In this perspective, researchers have investigated several mechanisms of interaction between these components. After a review of the literature, we propose a conceptual model explaining the impact of intellectual capital on performance that is intended to be an extension of this previous work. By providing a detailed analysis of the empirical studies that have investigated the relationship between each of the components of intellectual capital and performance, this paper opens the door to future studies by taking stock of what exists. Keywords: Human capital, Structural capital, Relationnal capital, Performance JEL Classification: M10 Paper type: Theoretical Research
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