
The basal part of the oesophagus in Longidoridae contains five gland orifices in the normal positions, but the nuclei of the second ventrosublateral pair of glands have disappeared. Xiphinema is characterized by DO and DN lying quite anteriorly in the enlarged part; in Longidorus the distance DO-DN is much longer. Furthermore in Longidorus DN is oblong and smaller than S1N, whereas in Xiphinema it is round and larger than S1N. Paralongidorus shows the same pattern as Longidorus. Xiphinema represents a more derived stage than either of the other genera. Our results support the subdivision of Longidoridae into two subfamilies. Also in this respect Longidorella not belong to this family.
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