
doi: 10.3390/info10090285
handle: 1959.7/uws:59029
Twisted Edwards curves have been at the center of attention since their introduction by Bernstein et al. in 2007. The curve ED25519, used for Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA), provides faster digital signatures than existing schemes without sacrificing security. The CURVE25519 is a Montgomery curve that is closely related to ED25519. It provides a simple, constant time, and fast point multiplication, which is used by the key exchange protocol X25519. Software implementations of EdDSA and X25519 are used in many web-based PC and Mobile applications. In this paper, we introduce a low-power, low-area FPGA implementation of the ED25519 and CURVE25519 scalar multiplication that is particularly relevant for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The efficiency of the arithmetic modulo the prime number 2 255 − 19 , in particular the modular reduction and modular multiplication, are key to the efficiency of both EdDSA and X25519. To reduce the complexity of the hardware implementation, we propose a high-radix interleaved modular multiplication algorithm. One benefit of this architecture is to avoid the use of large-integer multipliers relying on FPGA DSP modules.
curves, Internet of things, Montgomery ladder algorithm, cryptography, [MATH.MATH-AG] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA), CURVE25519, Information technology, algorithms, interleaved modular reduction, T58.5-58.64, Montgomery curve, twisted Edwards curves, X25519, ED25519, XXXXXX - Unknown, authentication, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), elliptic
curves, Internet of things, Montgomery ladder algorithm, cryptography, [MATH.MATH-AG] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA), CURVE25519, Information technology, algorithms, interleaved modular reduction, T58.5-58.64, Montgomery curve, twisted Edwards curves, X25519, ED25519, XXXXXX - Unknown, authentication, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), elliptic
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