
WASP-52 b is an inflated hot Jupiter with a large Roche lobe filling fraction, positioned in the hot Neptune desert. Previous in-transit observations of the helium triplet at 10833 Å have reported a range of excess absorption values (1.5%–5.5%) and a lack of net blueshift relative to the planet's rest frame, distinguishing it from other escaping atmospheres. This study investigates the extent and morphology of material escaping from WASP-52 b, and we assessed whether its outflow resembles a stream-like structure, as suggested for HAT-P-67 b and HAT-P-32 b. We obtained high-resolution spectra with CRIRES^+ and CARMENES, covering a broader orbital phase range (̌arphi ≈ ±0.1, ±0.2, 0.5) than previous studies. By analyzing the line as a tracer of escape, we searched for extended absorption beyond transit. Additionally, we explored possible outflow morphologies with three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic simulations, coupled with an improved radiative transfer approach, assessing the triplet. The helium line shows no significant evidence of planetary material at the orbital phases observed in this work, though 3D modeling suggests such a structure could exist below observational detection limits. We conclude that the atmospheric outflow of WASP-52 b can be characterized by an intermediate hydrodynamic escape parameter, placing it in a transitional regime between cold outflows forming a stream-like morphology and hot outflows forming a tail. Additionally, the absence of a detectable in-transit blueshift in the helium line rules out a strong day-to-nightside anisotropy scenario.
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), FOS: Physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), FOS: Physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
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