
We show that the NP-complete problems max cut and independent set can be formulated as the 2-local Hamiltonian problem as defined by Kitaev. The 5-local Hamiltonian problem was the first problem to be shown to be complete for the quantum complexity class QMA — the quantum analog of NP. Subsequently, it was shown that 3-locality is already sufficient for QMA-completeness. It is still not known whether the 2-local Hamiltonian problem is QMA-complete. Therefore it is interesting to determine what problems can be reduced to the 2-local Hamiltonian problem. Kitaev showed that 3-SAT can be formulated as a 3-local Hamiltonian problem. We extend his result by showing that 2-locality is sufficient in order to encompass NP.
Complexity of computation (including implicit computational complexity), Quantum complexity theory, Quantum Physics, Complexity and performance of numerical algorithms, Quantum computation, Complexity classes (hierarchies, relations among complexity classes, etc.), QMA, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), NP
Complexity of computation (including implicit computational complexity), Quantum complexity theory, Quantum Physics, Complexity and performance of numerical algorithms, Quantum computation, Complexity classes (hierarchies, relations among complexity classes, etc.), QMA, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), NP
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