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Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A
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Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A
Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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Control of autoimmune inflammation using liposomes to deliver positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptors

Authors: Joshua M, Gammon; Arjun R, Adapa; Christopher M, Jewell;

Control of autoimmune inflammation using liposomes to deliver positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptors

Abstract

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease where myelin is incorrectly recognized as foreign and attacked by the adaptive immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs) direct adaptive immunity by presenting antigens to T cells, therefore serving as a target for autoimmune therapies. N‐Phenyl‐7‐(hydroxyimino) cyclopropa[b]chromen‐1a‐carboxamide (PHCCC), a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4), can promote regulatory T cells by altering cytokine secretion to bias T cell differentiation. The therapeutic potential of PHCCC, however, is hindered by dose‐limiting toxicity, poor solubility, and the need for frequent dosing. We hypothesized liposomal delivery of PHCCC might enable safe, effective delivery of this hydrophobic drug to exploit metabolism as a means of controlling inflammation in self‐reactive immune cells. PHCCC was readily encapsulated in liposomes modified with polyethylene glycol. Under sink conditions, controlled release resulted in 58% of drug released into media over 18 hours. Culture of primary DCs with PHCCC liposomes reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion while reducing toxicity four‐fold compared with soluble PHCCC. During co‐culture of DCs with myelin‐reactive T cells from transgenic mice, PHCCC liposomes reduced T cell proliferation and interferon gamma secretion. These results support the potential of using liposomes to promote tolerance through biocompatible delivery of metabolic modulators. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2977–2985, 2017.

Keywords

Inflammation, T-Lymphocytes, Autoimmunity, Mice, Transgenic, Dendritic Cells, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Coculture Techniques, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Allosteric Regulation, Delayed-Action Preparations, Liposomes, Animals, Benzopyrans, Female, Cells, Cultured, Cell Proliferation

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    13
    popularity
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    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
13
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
hybrid