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Chemical Biology & Drug Design
Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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Bifunctional μ/δ Opioid Peptides: Variation of the Type and Length of the Linker Connecting the Two Components

Authors: Jinguo, Ding; Carole, Lemieux; Nga N, Chung; Peter W, Schiller;

Bifunctional μ/δ Opioid Peptides: Variation of the Type and Length of the Linker Connecting the Two Components

Abstract

On the basis of evidence that opioid compounds with a mixed μ agonist/δ antagonist profile may produce an antinociceptive effect with low propensity to induce side effects, bifunctional opioid peptides containing the μ agonist H‐Dmt‐d‐Arg‐Phe‐Lys‐NH2([Dmt1]DALDA; Dmt = 2′,6′‐dimethyltyrosine) connected tail‐to‐tail via various α,ω‐diaminoalkyl‐ or diaminocyclohexane linkers to the δ antagonists H‐Tyr‐TicΨ[CH2‐NH]Cha‐Phe‐OH (TICP[Ψ]; Cha = cyclohexylalanine, Tic = 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid), H‐Dmt‐Tic‐OH or H‐Bcp‐Tic‐OH (Bcp = 4′‐[N‐((4′‐phenyl)phenethyl)carboxamido]phenylalanine) were synthesized and pharmacologically characterizedin vitro. Bifunctional [Dmt1]DALDA→NH‐(CH2)n‐NH←TICP[Ψ] compounds (n = 0–12) showed decreasing μ and δ receptor binding affinities with increasing linker length. As expected, several of the bifunctional peptides were μ agonist/δ antagonists with low nanomolar μ and δ receptor binding affinities. However, compounds with unexpected opioid activity profiles, including a μ partial agonist/δ partial agonist, μ antagonist/δ antagonists and μ agonist/δ agonists, were also identified. These results indicate that the binding affinities and intrinsic efficacies of these bifunctional compounds at both receptors depend on the length and type of the linker connecting the μ and δ components. An important recommendation emerging from this study is that thein vitroactivity profiles of bifunctional compounds containing an agonist and an antagonist component connected via a linker need to be determined prior to their pharmacological evaluationin vivo.

Keywords

Male, Guinea Pigs, Receptors, Opioid, mu, Mice, Structure-Activity Relationship, Vas Deferens, Opioid Peptides, Ileum, Receptors, Opioid, delta, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Protein Binding

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
bronze