
pmid: 9978159
The Monte Carlo method has been used to simulate the interaction of incident electrons of 1--10 keV with Si, Cu, Ag, and Au solids. In the simulation, the trajectories of secondary electrons inside the solids have also been included. The distributions of secondary-electron-emission sites on the surfaces of Si, Cu, Ag, and Au show multifractal behavior. For the same solids, the information dimension ${\mathit{D}}_{1}$, the correlation dimension ${\mathit{D}}_{2}$, and the minimum singularity ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{min}}$ decrease with increasing energy of the incident electrons while the maximum singularity ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{max}}$ increases. For the same primary-electron energy, ${\mathit{D}}_{1}$, ${\mathit{D}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{min}}$ increase with increasing atomic number of the solid, while ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{max}}$ decreases. The Hausdorff dimension ${\mathit{D}}_{0}$ is almost unaltered in any case if the number of emitted secondary electrons is large enough. The results show that the higher the primary-electron energy and the lower the atomic number of the solid, the more dispersive is the distributed probability of secondary-electron-emission sites on the solid surface.
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 23 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
