Evaluation of: Cheever MA, Allison JP, Ferris AS et al. The prioritization of cancer antigens: a National Cancer Institute pilot project for the acceleration of translational research. Clin. Cancer Res. 15(17), 5323–5337 (2009).Amid an evolving landscape of anticancer agents, numerous approaches to elicit tumor-specific immune responses are under active investigation. In broad terms, these approaches have traditionally included passive and active immunotherapies, whereby cells, antibodies or cytokines with antitumor activity are delivered to the recipient, or are used to elicit antitumor immunity in the host. More recently, immune-modulatory approaches, including the use of T-cell checkpoint inhibitors or agents that can affect T-cell or antigen-presenting cell function, have been studied. Most clinical trials with individual immune agents, and vaccines in particular, have demonstrated limited success despite demonstrations of biological activity. It has thus become apparent that successful immunotherapy ...