This dataset contains the µCT-Scan data used in the study "The head anatomy of Protanilla lini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae), with a hypothesis of their mandibular movement" by Richter et al., published in Myrmecological News. The datasets for CASENT0709417 and CASENT0790210 (both of the species Protanilla lini, the latter is a specimen with extended maxillolabial complex) are deposited as they were used in this study (with transformation to adjust the orientation of the ant head to the global axes and cropped to reduce file size) while the two scans of CASENTCASENT742972 (one with opened and one with closed mandibles) are deposited as the original scanning result as they were not modified for the work in this article. All datasets are deposited as DICOM image stacks. The details of the scanning methods used can be found in the materials and methods section of the article. In addition, the file "Richter_et_al_Table_S1_examined_specimens" contains specimen data for the used specimens, the file "MicroCT_specimen data_1" contains scanning parameters for the specimens CASENT0709417 and CASENT742972 and the file "Protanilla_lini_CASENT0790210_Scan_log.log" contains all scanning parameters for the specimen CASENT0790210. Furthermore, there is a 3d-rendering video of the head of specimen CASENT0709417 produced with the software CG Studio Max 3.4 (Volume Graphics, Heidelberg, Germany) "Protanilla_linii_CASENT0709417_render_video.mp4" and a video of experiments with a 3d printed model of the same head as described in the material and methods section in the Myrmecological News article: "Richter_et_al_VideoS5.avi".