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The reclassification of Sophiodela and other tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) based on the structure of the everted internal sac of the male genitalia

Authors: Yuki, Fukuda; Ryo, Ogawa; Michio, Hori;

The reclassification of Sophiodela and other tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) based on the structure of the everted internal sac of the male genitalia

Abstract

All members of Sophiodela Nakane 1955, hitherto a subgenus of Cicindela Linnaeus, 1758, are reviewed based on the structure of the everted internal sac of the male genitalia. In addition, many species of other genera and subgenera such as the genera Cosmodela Rivalier, 1961, Calochroa Hope, 1838, and Cicindela and its subgenus Pancallia Rivalier, 1961, are also reviewed regarding their reproductive structures. Their relationships are discussed using a comparison between morphological and molecular analyses. Through this study, the taxonomic rank of Sophiodela is raised from a subgenus to a genus as it is demonstrated to be a distinct monophyletic group by both the morphological and molecular analyses. Amongst the species of Sophiodela, S. cyanea Fabricius, 1787 is changed to the subgenus Pancallia. We conclude that the everted internal sac is a useful tool for grouping the genera and subgenera and can be used as a taxonomic character.

Keywords

Coleoptera, Male, Animals, Genitalia, Male, Phylogeny

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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