Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members are multifunctional cytokines that play a key role in cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. The aim of study was to evaluate the association of TGF-beta1 -509 C>T gene polymorphism with risk of cervical cancer. The study was carried out in 150 histopathology confirmed patients with cervical cancer and 162 cervical-cytology negative females. Polymorphisms for TGF-beta1 -509C>T gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. Frequencies of individuals with -509TT genotype and T allele of TGF-beta1 gene polymorphisms did not differ significantly in patients with cervical cancer and controls (p = 0.328, OR = 1.37 and p = 0.605, OR = 1.09). Cervical cancer patients with -509TT had marginal low risk for stage I (p = 0.04, OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91-0.99) but -509TT genotype of TGF-beta1 was associated with increased risk of stage II of cancer (p = 0.07, OR = 3.13, 95% CI = 0.87-11.14). In gene-environment interaction, carriers of TGF-beta1 -509TT genotype with tobacco usage were at higher risk of cervical cancer (OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 0.38-35.1). In conclusion, our data suggest that TGF-beta1 -509T allele confers marginal protection for early stage 1B but risk for stage II of cervical cancer.