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Molecular and Cellular Biology
Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
License: ASM Journals Non-Commercial TDM
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Regulation of the Follistatin Gene by RSPO-LGR4 Signaling via Activation of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Skeletal Myogenesis

Authors: Leonard Tan; Xiang Hua Han; Tatiana Kosciuk; Jeong Kyo Yoon; Jeong Kyo Yoon; Yong-Ri Jin; Jin-Seon Lee;

Regulation of the Follistatin Gene by RSPO-LGR4 Signaling via Activation of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Skeletal Myogenesis

Abstract

WNT signaling plays multiple roles in skeletal myogenesis during gestation and postnatal stages. The R-spondin (RSPO) family of secreted proteins and their cognate receptors, members of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor (LGR) family, have emerged as new regulatory components of the WNT signaling pathway. We previously showed that RSPO2 promoted myogenic differentiation via activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling in mouse myoblast C2C12 cells in vitro. However, the molecular mechanism by which RSPO2 regulates myogenic differentiation is unknown. Herein, we show that depletion of the LGR4 receptor severely disrupts myogenic differentiation and significantly diminishes the response to RSPO2 in C2C12 cells, showing a requirement of LGR4 in RSPO signaling during myogenic differentiation. We identify the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) antagonist follistatin (Fst) as a key mediator of RSPO-LGR4 signaling in myogenic differentiation. We further demonstrate that Fst is a direct target of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Activation and inactivation of β-catenin induced and inhibited Fst expression, respectively, in both C2C12 cells and mouse embryos. Specific TCF/LEF1 binding sites within the promoter and intron 1 region of the Fst gene were required for RSPO2 and WNT/β-catenin-induced Fst expression. This study uncovers a molecular cross talk between WNT/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pivotal in myogenic differentiation.

Keywords

Follistatin, Cell Differentiation, Muscle Development, Cell Line, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Myoblasts, Wnt Proteins, Mice, Animals, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Thrombospondins, beta Catenin, Signal Transduction

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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
42
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
bronze